Method and apparatus for tracking and disseminating health information via mobile channels

ABSTRACT

An approach is provided for tracking and disseminating health information. Health information corresponding to a geographic location is caused, at least in part, to be received. Location information associated with a user equipment configured to receive a message specifying content is determined. Whether the location information is encompassed by the geographic location is determined. The message is modified to present a health alert indicator by appending supplemental content to the message or by amending the content. Initiation of delivery of the modified message to the user equipment when the user equipment is in or within a predetermined range of the geographic location is caused, at least in part.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/394,022, filed Jun. 15, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S.National Stage Application No. PCT/FI10/50663, filed Aug. 25, 2010, theentirety of which is incorporated herein.

BACKGROUND

Telecommunication technologies have been relatively underutilized in thehealth and medical services industry. For example, organizations haverelied on collecting information from hospitals and clinics dispersedamong various region to track the occurrence and spread of diseases.Traditionally the gathering and dissemination of health relatedinformation have been slow and ineffectual, in that such information canbe manually intensive, and once the data has been collected andanalyzed, the health treat (and thus prevention measures) may be moot.

Moreover, service providers (e.g., wireless, cellular, etc.) and devicemanufacturers are continually challenged to deliver value andconvenience to consumers by, for example, providing compelling networkservices. In this regard, the health and medical services area hasgarnered some attention.

SOME EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

According to one embodiment, a method comprises causing, at least inpart, receiving health information corresponding to a geographiclocation. The method also comprises determining location informationassociated with a user equipment configured to receive a messagespecifying content. The method further comprises determining whether thelocation information is encompassed by the geographic location. Themethod additionally comprises modifying the message to present a healthalert indicator by appending supplemental content to the message or byamending the content; and causing, at least in part, initiating deliveryof the modified message to the user equipment when the user equipment isin or within a predetermined range of the geographic location.

According to another embodiment, an apparatus comprising at least oneprocessor, and at least one memory including computer program code, theat least one memory and the computer program code configured to, withthe at least one processor, cause the apparatus to cause, at least inpart, receiving health information corresponding to a geographiclocation. The apparatus is also caused to determine location informationassociated with a user equipment configured to receive a messagespecifying content. The apparatus is further caused to determine whetherthe location information is encompassed by the geographic location. Theapparatus is further caused to modify the message to present a healthalert indicator by appending supplemental content to the message or byamending the content; and cause, at least in part, initiating deliveryof the modified message to the user equipment when the user equipment isin or within a predetermined range of the geographic location.

According to another embodiment, a computer-readable storage mediumcarrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions which, whenexecuted by one or more processors, cause an apparatus to cause, atleast in part, receiving health information corresponding to ageographic location. The apparatus is also caused to determine locationinformation associated with a user equipment configured to receive amessage specifying content. The apparatus is further caused to determinewhether the location information is encompassed by the geographiclocation. The apparatus is further caused to modify the message topresent a health alert indicator by appending supplemental content tothe message or by amending the content; and cause, at least in part,initiating delivery of the modified message to the user equipment whenthe user equipment is in or within a predetermined range of thegeographic location.

According to another embodiment, an apparatus comprises means forcausing, at least in part, receiving health information corresponding toa geographic location; means for determining location informationassociated with a user equipment configured to receive a messagespecifying content; means for determining whether the locationinformation is encompassed by the geographic location; means formodifying the message to present a health alert indicator by appendingsupplemental content to the message or by amending the content; andmeans for causing, at least in part, initiating delivery of the modifiedmessage to the user equipment when the user equipment is in or within apredetermined range of the geographic location.

According to one embodiment, a method comprises causing, at least inpart, initiating presentation of a graphical user interface, on a mobiledevice, for collecting health information pertaining to a geographiclocation that is assigned to the mobile device; causing, at least inpart, receiving input, via the mobile device, specifying the healthinformation; and causing, at least in part, initiating transmission ofthe health information to a disease tracking platform.

According to another embodiment, an apparatus comprising at least oneprocessor, and at least one memory including computer program code, theat least one memory and the computer program code configured to, withthe at least one processor, cause the apparatus, at least in part, toinitiate presentation of a graphical user interface, on a mobile device,for collecting health information pertaining to a geographic locationthat is assigned to the mobile device. The apparatus is also caused to,at least in part; receive input, via the mobile device, specifying thehealth information. The apparatus is further caused to cause, at leastin part, initiating transmission of the health information to a diseasetracking platform.

According to another embodiment, a computer-readable storage mediumcarrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions which, whenexecuted by one or more processors, cause an apparatus, at least inpart, to initiate presentation of a graphical user interface, on amobile device, for collecting health information pertaining to ageographic location that is assigned to the mobile device. The apparatusis also caused to, at least in part; receive input, via the mobiledevice, specifying the health information. The apparatus is furthercaused to cause, at least in part, initiating transmission of the healthinformation to a disease tracking platform.

According to another embodiment, an apparatus comprises means forcausing, at least in part, initiating presentation of a graphical userinterface, on a mobile device, for collecting health informationpertaining to a geographic location that is assigned to the mobiledevice. The apparatus also comprises means for causing, at least inpart, receiving input, via the mobile device, specifying the healthinformation. The apparatus further comprises means for causing, at leastin part, initiating transmission of the health information to a diseasetracking platform.

Still other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention arereadily apparent from the following detailed description, simply byillustrating a number of particular embodiments and implementations,including the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention. Theinvention is also capable of other and different embodiments, and itsseveral details can be modified in various obvious respects, all withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, thedrawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature,and not as restrictive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, andnot by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system capable of tracking and disseminatinghealth information via mobile channels, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the components of a user equipment for collectingand presenting health information, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the components of a disease tracking and alertplatform, according to one embodiment;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams of geographic assignments of healthcenters, according to various embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process for collecting, tracking, analyzing,and disseminating disease information, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process for collecting health information viaa mobile device, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process for collecting, tracking, anddisseminating health information, according to one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a process for receiving and presenting diseaseinformation and analysis, according to one embodiment;

FIGS. 9A-9D are diagrams of user interfaces utilized in the processes ofFIGS. 5-8, according to various embodiments;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of hardware that can be used to implement anembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a diagram of a chip set that can be used to implement anembodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 12 is a diagram of a mobile terminal (e.g., handset) that can beused to implement an embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS

A method and apparatus for collecting, tracking and disseminating healthinformation are disclosed. In the following description, for thepurposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of theinvention. It is apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that theembodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specificdetails or with an equivalent arrangement. In other instances,well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form inorder to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system 100 capable of collecting, tracking anddisseminating health information (e.g., disease information), accordingto one embodiment. As used herein, disease information may refer toinformation pertaining to diseases, such as the name of the disease,it's origin, preventative measures, etc. Many countries and agenciesdesire to track the spread of disease throughout various locations. Inmany locations, there is difficulty in collecting and tracking diseaseinformation as well as quickly communicating the disease information topeople to prevent or alleviate the spread of diseases. Health clinicsand primary health care providers (e.g., doctors) across the vastlocations encounter patients with a range of diseases, from innocuousviruses to highly contagious, life-threatening pandemics. However, theproblem with traditional approaches in collecting and tracking diseasesrelates to the lack of a timely collection mechanism. Consequently, muchhealth related information, such as the daily occurrence of infectiousdiseases, is reported on paper based forms. Additionally, there isdifficulty in disseminating information to people who may be the mostaffected, once the disease information is collected and analyzed. Thatis, although the general populace may be aware of the existence of acontagious disease, unless there is greater specificity with regard towho are potentially in harm's way, such information is largely ignored.

The system 100 of FIG. 1 introduces the capability to collect, track anddisseminate health information. In one embodiment, user equipment 101,such as mobile devices, can be used to collect health information (e.g.,disease information) from health care providers and to effectivelydisseminate health information to people. In one embodiment, the diseaseinformation is collected using one or more user equipment (UE) 101 a-101n. Once the disease information is collected, the disease informationcan be transmitted to a disease tracking and alert platform 103 via acommunication network 105. The platform 103, in certain embodiments,provides for the collection of information relating to health threatsand diseases, as well as the effective distribution of such informationto other organizations or entities for analysis and to people (or users)who may be near or within a zone in which a disease has been discoveredor determined to have existed. A user associated with the health careprovider (e.g., a doctor, a nurse, a receptionist, etc.) can input thedisease information in the UE 101 via a disease tracking application107. The UE 101 can be any type of mobile terminal, fixed terminal, orportable terminal including a mobile handset, station, unit, device,multimedia tablet, Internet node, communicator, desktop computer,netbook, laptop computer, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), or anycombination thereof. It is also contemplated that the UE 101 can supportany type of interface to the user (such as “wearable” circuitry, etc.).

In another embodiment, once the disease information is received by thedisease tracking and alert platform 103, the platform 103 can store thedisease information in a health database 109. The disease tracking andalert platform 103 can associate a location of the disease with thedisease information based on the user or UE 101 sending the information.For example, a UE 101 possesses a unique identifier, e.g., phone number,can be used to associate the UE 101 with a geographic location. Thedisease tracking and alert platform 103 can assign (e.g., viaregistration) the phone number to a geographic location. In oneembodiment, the phone numbers can be assigned by a service providedindependently from the traditional numbering plan (which specifies ageographic region using, e.g., an area code). Alternatively, the phonenumbers from the various area codes can be assigned to their respectivegeographic locations, per the conventional numbering plan. Once arequisite amount of data is collected, the disease tracking and alertplatform 103 can prepare the collected data for analysis; such analysiscan be performed in conjunction or independently with another system(e.g., Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDD), World HeathOrganization (WHO), etc.). In some scenarios, the analysis is specificto one or more geographic locations.

Once disease information is analysed, the disease tracking and alertplatform 103 can then disseminate the analysis or alert informationderived from the analysis to UEs 101. According to certain embodiments,the alert information is provided along with other messages that aredestined to the users. In effect, the alert is “piggybacked” ontomessages that are already being transmitted to the users without havingto generate a separate, distinct message. For example, the alertinformation can be included as a footer to an existing email to theuser. Alternatively, the text of the message, background or foreground,of the message can be altered to provide a visual indicia of the alert.In this manner, network resources are conserved.

In one embodiment, a message that is to be sent to the UE 101 ismodified to include the alert information. Also, the alert informationcan be selectively provided based on the location of the UE 101; in thisway, only affected users are notified of a potential health threat. Thelocation of the UE 101 can be provided by the UE 101 itself, ordetermined by the network. In some scenarios, the message is sent via atext messaging service or an electronic mail service. In otherscenarios, the disease tracking and alert platform 103 can send theanalysis and/or alert information via a web service.

As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 comprises a user equipment (UE) 101having connectivity to the disease tracking and alert platform 103 via acommunication network 105. By way of example, the communication network105 of system 100 includes one or more networks such as a data network(not shown), a wireless network (not shown), a telephony network (notshown), a messaging network (not shown), or any combination thereof. Itis contemplated that the data network may be any local area network(LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), apublic data network (e.g., the Internet), or any other suitablepacket-switched network, such as a commercially owned, proprietarypacket-switched network, e.g., a proprietary cable or fiber-opticnetwork. In addition, the wireless network may be, for example, acellular network and may employ various technologies including enhanceddata rates for global evolution (EDGE), general packet radio service(GPRS), global system for mobile communications (GSM), Internet protocolmultimedia subsystem (IMS), universal mobile telecommunications system(UMTS), etc., as well as any other suitable wireless medium, e.g.,microwave access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, codedivision multiple access (CDMA), wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA), wireless fidelity (WiFi), satellite, mobile ad-hoc network(MANET), and the like.

Although the disease tracking and alert platform 103 can communicatewith the UEs 101 a-101 n over wireline and wireless technologies, it isrecognized that in many locations today (e.g., rural locations,villages, poor areas, etc.), Internet connectivity may not be widelyavailable, and thus, a cellular approach provides ubiquity andconvenience to users. Thus, cellular mobile devices can moreconveniently collect and disseminate health related information, such asinformation about contagious diseases within the region.

In one embodiment, a messaging network within the network 105 canprovide for SMS messaging, MMS messaging, cell broadcast messagingcapabilities, or other messaging capabilities. The messaging network maybe a part of a telephony network (e.g., a cellular network). As part ofa cellular network, a UE 101 can communicate with a cellular tower 111to send and receive data including SMS messaging and MMS messaging.Cellular towers 111 a-111 n can communicate with a UE 101 via controlchannels so that the UE 101 is able to ascertain which tower to connectto. It is noted that the cellular towers 111 a-111 n can be associatedwith a common cellular service provider or multiple cellular providersthat are geographically dispersed. A control channel can also beutilized to deliver messages. A message can be sent to a UE 101 via acellular tower 111 and a message service center (MSC) (not shown). TheMSC can be used as a medium between the cellular network and internetprotocol networks designed to carry messaging traffic. The message canhave information about the message and the destination such as thelength of the message, a time stamp, the destination phone number, etc.,which can be used to route the message to the destination.

In one example, the disease tracking and alert platform 103 can send amessage to the UE 101 via the messaging network by sending the messageto the MSC via an internet protocol network. Then, the MSC can deliverthe message to the UE 101 via the cellular tower control channel. Inanother example, the disease tracking and alert platform 103 can send agroup of UEs 101 a message via a cell broadcast. With a cell broadcast,the MSC sends the message to a cellular tower 111 and the cellular tower111, via the cell broadcast, sends the message to each UE 101 connectedto the cellular tower 111. Under certain scenarios, the disease trackingand alert platform 103 can send the message to a group of UEs 101 in ageographic location by sending the broadcast via each cellular tower 111in the geographic location. Alternatively (or additionally), themessaging network can include an email delivery system for alertingusers of any health threats or diseases tracked by the platform 103.

By way of example, the UE 101 and disease tracking and alert platform103 communicate with each other and other components of thecommunication network 105 using well known, new or still developingprotocols. In this context, a protocol includes a set of rules defininghow the network nodes within the communication network 105 interact witheach other based on information sent over the communication links. Theprotocols are effective at different layers of operation within eachnode, from generating and receiving physical signals of various types,to selecting a link for transferring those signals, to the format ofinformation indicated by those signals, to identifying which softwareapplication executing on a computer system sends or receives theinformation. The conceptually different layers of protocols forexchanging information over a network are described in the Open SystemsInterconnection (OSI) Reference Model.

Communications between the network nodes are typically effected byexchanging discrete packets of data. Each packet typically comprises (1)header information associated with a particular protocol, and (2)payload information that follows the header information and containsinformation that may be processed independently of that particularprotocol. In some protocols, the packet includes (3) trailer informationfollowing the payload and indicating the end of the payload information.The header includes information such as the source of the packet, itsdestination, the length of the payload, and other properties used by theprotocol. Often, the data in the payload for the particular protocolincludes a header and payload for a different protocol associated with adifferent, higher layer of the OSI Reference Model. The header for aparticular protocol typically indicates a type for the next protocolcontained in its payload. The higher layer protocol is said to beencapsulated in the lower layer protocol. The headers included in apacket traversing multiple heterogeneous networks, such as the Internet,typically include a physical (layer 1) header, a data-link (layer 2)header, an internetwork (layer 3) header and a transport (layer 4)header, and various application headers (layer 5, layer 6 and layer 7)as defined by the OSI Reference Model.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the components of a user equipment 101 forcollecting and presenting health information, according to oneembodiment. By way of example, the UE 101 includes one or morecomponents for providing collection and presentation of diseaseinformation. In one embodiment, the UE 101 can perform analysis of theinformation. It is contemplated that the functions of these componentsmay be combined in one or more components or performed by othercomponents of equivalent functionality. In this embodiment, the UE 101includes a power module 201, a disease platform interface 203, a runtimemodule 205, a location module 207, a memory 209, a user interface 211,and an input interface 213.

In one embodiment, a UE 101 includes a user interface 211. The userinterface 211 can include various methods of communication. For example,the user interface 211 can have outputs including a visual component(e.g., a screen), an audio component, a physical component (e.g.,vibrations), and other methods of communication. User inputs can includea touch-screen interface, a scroll-and-click interface, a buttoninterface, a microphone, etc. Under one scenario, the visual componentor audio component of the user interface 211 can prompt a user (e.g., adoctor) to input information regarding disease information. For example,the user can be prompted, via an interactive voice response system or agraphical presentation, to enter data via a keypad. The user can inputthe disease information using other user inputs. In another scenario,the visual component can display analysis (e.g., an alert or diseasetip) based on a current or a home location of the user. The analysis canbe presented in the form of graphs and diagrams, or as other commoninterfaces (e.g., an e-mail interface or an SMS interface).

In another embodiment, the UE 101 includes an input interface 213. Theinput interface 213 can include manual user inputs such as atouch-screen interface, a scroll-and-click interface, a buttoninterface, etc. as well as other (e.g., automated) input mechanisms. Inone scenario, the UE 101 can receive input from a processor and/orsensor. For instance, a digital image can be captured of a blood sample,and the processor may determine whether the blood sample is positive fora disease (e.g., malaria). It is noted that other biological samples orbodily fluids can be utilized depending on the application—i.e., diseaseto be tracked. The runtime module 205 can then initiate transmission ofthe disease information to the disease tracking and alert platform 103based on a triggering rule (e.g. send an update if a particular disease,such as malaria, is found). In one embodiment, a UE 101 includes adisease platform interface 203. The disease platform interface 203 isused by the runtime module 205 to communicate with the disease trackingand alert platform 103 via various electrical components (e.g.,transmitters, receivers, transceivers, etc.). In some embodiments, thedisease tracking and alert platform 103 can prompt the runtime module205 to collect disease information. The runtime module 205 can collectthe disease information via the user interface 211 and transmit thedisease information to the disease tracking and alert platform 103 viathe disease platform interface 203. In other embodiments, the diseasetracking and alert platform 103 can provide disease analysis informationfor the UE 101. The runtime module 205 can receive the analysis andinitiate presentation of the analysis via the user interface 211.

In one embodiment, a UE 101 includes a location module 207. Thislocation module 207 can determine a user's location. The user's locationcan be determined by a triangulation system such as a global positioningsystem (GPS), A-GPS, Cell of Origin, or other location extrapolationtechnologies. Standard GPS and A-GPS systems can use satellites topinpoint the location of a UE 101. A Cell of Origin system can be usedto determine the cellular tower that a cellular UE 101 is synchronizedwith. This information provides a coarse location of the UE 101 becausethe cellular tower can have a unique cellular identifier (cell-ID) thatcan be geographically mapped. The location module 207 may also utilizemultiple technologies to detect the location of the UE 101. In oneembodiment, GPS coordinates and/or a cell-ID are embedded into messagessent to the disease tracking and alert platform 103 to notify thedisease tracking and alert platform 103 of the current location of theUE 101.

The power module 201 provides power to the UE 101. The power module 201can include any type of power source (e.g., battery, plug-in, etc.).Additionally, the power module 201 can provide power to the componentsof the UE 101 including processors, memory 209, transceivers, or thelike.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the components of a disease tracking and alertplatform 103, according to one embodiment. By way of example, thedisease tracking and alert platform 103 includes one or more componentsfor tracking, analyzing, and disseminating health information. It iscontemplated that the functions of these components may be combined inone or more components or performed by other components of equivalentfunctionality. In this embodiment, the disease tracking and alertplatform 103 includes a UE interface 301, a health database, an analysismodule 305, and a memory 307.

In one embodiment, the disease tracking and alert platform 103 includesa UE interface 301. The UE interface 301 can be utilized to communicateto a UE 101 of a user either directly or via platforms and systems. Insome examples, the UE interface 301 utilizes electronic components suchas transceivers and processors to transmit and receive data to the UE101. Under some scenarios, the UE interface 301 can include aninteractive voice response system, where the UE interface 301 initiatestransmission of voice prompts to the UE 101 and receives inputresponses. Under other scenarios, the UE interface 301 includesinitiating transmission (e.g., via messaging infrastructure) of andreceiving electronic messaging (e.g., SMS messaging, e-mail, instantmessaging, etc.) to the UE 101. In another example, the UE interface 301includes an interactive web component. The interactive web component canwork in conjunction with applications 107 of the UE 101 or via a webinterface. In this example, certain UEs 101 (e.g., a doctor) can updateinformation (e.g., update disease information used for analysis in onedistrict) conveyed by the UE interface 301 to other UEs 101 (e.g., a UE101 of a user interested in disease spread in an area the user wishes totravel to). Additionally, the UE interface 301 can be utilized to senddisease information and analysis to research agencies and firmsinterested in the data.

In another embodiment, the disease tracking and alert platform 103includes a health database 303 that can be updated by and utilized by ananalysis module 305. The analysis module 305 can receive diseaseinformation from a UE 101 via the UE interface 301. The analysis module305 can then store the disease information in a memory 307 and processthe disease information to determine a structure to store the diseaseinformation in the health database 303. In some embodiments, diseaseinformation includes health, location, timing and other disease-relatedinformation (e.g., a disease name, a disease strain, etc.) about one ormore patients having a disease or other spreadable condition. In oneexample, the analysis module 305 can retrieve the disease informationfrom a UE 101 and determine that the UE 101 is assigned to a certaingeographic location. The analysis module 305 can then store the diseaseinformation with information including the assigned geographic location,timing information about when the disease information was taken, andinformation about the disease involved and the health (e.g., deceased,contagious, the state of the symptoms, etc.) of patients associated withthe disease. The analysis module 305 can then retrieve information fromthe health database and process the information to determine trends andother analysis of the spread of disease using one or more geographiclocations. The analysis module 305 can then initiate sending via the UEinterface 301 of the analysis and trending information to a UE 101configured to receive (e.g., via an application 107 or a web interface)the analysis and trending information.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams of geographic assignments of healthcenters, according to various embodiments. These diagrams can be used toexplain a process utilized by the disease tracking and alert platform103 to assign health centers and UEs 101 for collecting information togeographic locations. The geographic locations can represent health caresub units of a district that be used as a basis to collect anddisseminate disease information. FIG. 4A represents a City A, which isdivided into districts, for example. The districts are divided intogeographic locations that are associated with health centers. Regions401, 403, and 405 are associated with District A, regions 407 and 409are associated with District B, and regions 411 and 413 are associatedwith District C. The districts are further subdivided into geographiclocations represented by the regions 401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411, 413.In certain embodiments, the size and shape of areas can be based on thepopulation of people in those areas.

Each region 401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411, 413 can be associated with oneor more health centers and/or private clinics. In one example, region401 is associated with a health center. A health center can be ahealthcare facility (e.g., a hospital) or a set of healthcare facilitiesassociated with a geographic location. One UE 101 (e.g., a UE 101 of anurse at a hospital 415) associated with the health center has a phonenumber of 9900455543. The analysis module 305 can associate the UE 101with the region 401 during a registration process. Thus, wheninformation is received by a UE 101 associated with the phone number,the analysis module 305 can associate the UE 101 with the phone numberand region 401. The phone number can also be used to authenticate theinformation. Additionally, another UE 101 (e.g., a UE 101 of a doctor atthe hospital 415) can be associated with the region 401. The UE 101 canhave a separate phone number 9400555555 that is also associated with theregion 401 and can be associated with the hospital 415. Further, yetanother UE 101 can be associated with a clinic 417 that is alsoassociated with the region 401. This phone number, 9800555555, of the UE101 can also be assigned to the region 401 by the analysis module 305.The phone numbers for each of the UEs 101 act as a unique identificationnumber to associate the UE 101 with a health center and/or geographiclocation. The phone numbers can change and be modified using aregistration process or an updating process. The unique identificationnumbers can be used to ensure the authenticity of the source ofinformation as well as to associate the information from the UE 101 withthe region 401.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the analysis module 305 can associateGPS coordinates and/or cells with the geographic locations. With thismapping, the analysis module 305 can analyze where a UE 101 is inrelation to the geographic locations. This information can be used tohelp disseminate the information to users to whom the geographiclocations are pertinent. These users can be users that are in or aroundthe geographic locations. In one example, a user activates anapplication 107 to retrieve updates of disease analysis on the user's UE101. The application 107 can send a request to the analysis module 305specifying the user's location and requesting analysis surrounding thelocation. The analysis module 305 can receive the request and determinea mapping of the user's current location and the geographic locations.The analysis module 305 then determines an alert to send the UE 101giving guidance as to the state of disease spread in the user's currentlocation and/or the state of disease spread in geographic locationswithin a predetermined range around the user. In one example, thepredetermined range is in the form of a distance (e.g., 10 mile radius).

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process for collecting, tracking, analyzing,and disseminating disease information, according to one embodiment. Inone embodiment, the analysis module 305 of the disease tracking andalert platform 103 performs the process 500 and is implemented in, forinstance, a chip set including a processor and a memory as shown FIG.11. In step 501, the analysis module 305 receives disease informationcollected and transmitted by a user equipment 101. A phone numberassociated with the UE 101 can determined by the analysis module 305.The analysis module 305 then associates the disease information with ageographic location as discussed above in the explanation of FIG. 4. Thetype of disease information being tracked by the disease tracking andalert platform 103 can vary based on the location of the diseasetracking and alert platform 103. In one scenario, the diseases beingtracked can include various strains of malaria, dengue fever, influenza,cholera, typhoid, etc. In one example, the UE 101 sends diseaseinformation about the number of one or more of the tracked diseasesdiagnosed by the hospital or clinic represented by the UE 101 during theday. For example, the analysis module 305 can receive an SMS from the UE101 informing the disease tracking and alert platform 103 of 2 newdiagnosed cases of malaria, 0 new diagnosed cases of dengue fever, and 8new cases of influenza A. This disease information can be stored in ahealth database 303. Additionally, the addition of the diseaseinformation can prompt the analysis module 305 to initiate analysis ofthe health database 303 to account for the new disease information.

At step 503, the analysis module 305 analyzes the disease information byassociating the information in the health database 303 with a geographicmodel. The geographic model can be based on the geographic locationassignments discussed in FIG. 4 or based on other methods to associatehealth centers with geographic locations. The analysis module 305 canselect a geographic location or region and analyze the diseaseinformation for that geographic location. Additionally or alternatively,the analysis module 305 can determine patterns or the spread of diseaseover various geographic locations. These patterns can be used togenerate alerts to users of UEs 101 in or around geographic locationsassociated with the analysis.

In one embodiment, at step 505, the analysis module 305 initiatesdelivering of the disease information and/or analysis to the users. Theanalysis module 305 can initiate delivery of the analysis in a varietyof ways. Under one scenario, a user subscribes to the disease trackingand alert platform 103 by registering with the service. The user can seta home location during the registration process. The analysis module 305can map the user's home location to geographic locations associated withhealth centers. Then, when an alert for that geographic location isgenerated by the analysis module 305, the analysis module 305 initiatestransmission (e.g., via an SMS, a message, an e-mail, an interactive webapplication, etc.) of the alert to the UE 101 of the user. In someexamples, the interactive web application can display the alert to theuser as a footnote associated with another message. In other examples,the interactive web application is viewed as an e-mail. In one scenario,one or more users subscribe to alerts or periodic information from thedisease tracking and alert platform 103. When an alert or a periodictime event is generated for a geographic location, the alert and/orother disease information regarding the geographic location can be sentto one or more UEs 101 associated with the subscriptions.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process for collecting health information viaa mobile device, according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, theruntime module 205 of a UE 101 performs the process 600 and isimplemented in, for instance, a chip set including a processor and amemory as shown FIG. 11. A user of UE 101 initiates execution of aninput mechanism on the UE 101. Such a mechanism can be a diseasetracking application 107 or a voice service.

At step 601, the runtime module 205 initiates prompting to collectdisease information. A runtime module 205 of the UE 101 can collect thedisease information from a user in various ways. Under one approach, thedisease information is collected via the disease tracking application107. In one embodiment, the runtime module 205 causes, at least in part,the initiation of a presentation of a graphical user interface or aninteractive voice response system, on the UE 101 (e.g., a mobile device)for collecting health information pertaining to a geographic locationthat is assigned to the UE 101. In one example, the health informationincludes the name of a disease and the amount of cases of the diseasediagnosed by the user that day for one or more diseases. Thus, a requestfor input can include an input for malaria, an input for influenza, andinput for dengue fever. The runtime module 205 can prompt the user toinput the disease information.

Then, at step 603, the runtime module 205 is caused to, at least inpart, receive input, specifying the disease information. The input canbe received via a keypad of the UE 101 or another input mechanism. Thedisease information can be inputted (e.g., by a doctor, a field worker)in response to the prompting for the health information. Under onescenario, a field worker can go to an area (e.g., a rural village)within the assigned geographic location of the UE 101. Alternatively,the UE 101 can track its GPS location and additionally send thatinformation to the disease tracking and alert platform 103 from the areaor from another location. A survey or other disease informationcollection can be performed in these areas and can then be latertransmitted. In one embodiment, the disease information can then beformatted in a manner that can be understood by a disease tracking andalert platform 103. For example, the disease information can beformatted as a message (e.g., an SMS) using a predetermined compatiblemanner (e.g., a data structure including a header, a disease identifier,an input number, and a timestamp) that can be understood by the diseasetracking and alert platform 103. The disease tracking and alert platform103 can be configured to analyze the disease information and use thedisease information to modify another message to another UE 101. Thiscan provide the other UE 101 up to date information about the spread ofdisease in the geographic location associated with the UE 101. Forexample, the modified other message can include a name of the inputteddisease and alerts, warnings, or prevention tips.

In one embodiment, the runtime module 205 receives input specifyingdisease information from an input interface 213. The input can be a sentby a processor (e.g., a processor associated with a location of the UE101) that is configured to receive a blood sample and determine if oneor more diseases (e.g., malaria) are present in the blood sample. If adisease is present in the blood sample, information about the bloodsample (e.g., patient location, patient age, type of disease, etc.) isinputted to the runtime module 205.

Next, at step 605, the runtime module 205 can cause, at least in part,initiation of transmission of the disease information to a diseasetracking and alert platform 103. In one example, the transmission isinitiated based on a rule that when a certain amount of information iscollected about a disease, send an update to the disease tracking andalert platform 103. In another example, a prompt (e.g., in the form of amessage) can be displayed to a user of the UE 101 and the user can replyto the prompt to initiate transmission of the information to the diseasetracking and alert platform 103. Additionally, the user can initiatesending of the disease information to another contact of the user. Inone example, the runtime module 205 initiates transmission of themessage to the disease tracking and alert platform 103. In anotherexample, the runtime module 205 utilizes a disease tracking application107 that is configured to communicate with the disease tracking andalert platform 103. This disease tracking application 107 can send theinformation to the disease tracking and alert platform 103 via variouscommunications protocols. The disease tracking and alert platform 103can receive the disease information and analyze the information.Additionally, the disease tracking and alert platform 103 can decipher(e.g., via a telephony caller identification service) a phone numberassociated with the UE 101 from the communication. The disease trackingand alert platform 103 then associates the UE 101 with the assignedgeographic location of the UE 101.

The above approach allows a user of a UE 101 to help track the spread ofdisease over a geographic area. Many UEs 101 can be utilized to collectinformation associated with the spread of disease. Additionally, becausethe UE 101 is associated with a unique identifier, such as phone number,user authorization and location can be based on the phone number. Thisarrangement can advantageously enable real-time or near real-timecollection and dissemination of health related information, as to betterinitiate the prevention and spread of diseases.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process for collecting, tracking, anddisseminating health information, according to one embodiment. In oneembodiment, the analysis module 305 of the disease tracking and alertplatform 103 performs the process 700 and is implemented in, forinstance, a chip set including a processor and a memory as shown FIG.11. At step 701, the analysis module 305 receives health informationfrom one or more UEs 101 (e.g., mobile devices) corresponding torespective geographic locations. The health information can includedisease information about one or more patients. A UE 101 of the UEs 101can collect and send the health information to the disease tracking andalert platform 103 using various processes (e.g., the processesdescribed in FIG. 6). The analysis module 305 receives the data viavarious interfaces (e.g., a SMS interface, an interactive voice responsesystem, a web interface, etc.).

At step 703, the analysis module 305 determines a geographic mapping forthe UE 101 and health information. The analysis module 305 can assignphone numbers associated with UEs 101 with geographic locations (e.g.,in a manner explained in the description of FIGS. 4A and 4B). UEs 101with assigned phone numbers are authorized to send information to thedisease tracking and alert platform 103. When the analysis module 305receives health information from a UE 101, the analysis module 305 candetermine whether the UE 101 is authorized to provide the information.This can be accomplished by determining the phone number of the UE 101(e.g., via a caller identification service) and comparing the phonenumber to a list of authorized assigned UEs 101. The analysis module 305can then determine a geographic location assigned to the UE 101 andassociate the received health information with the geographic location.The received health information can be stored in a health database 303.

Then, at step 705, the analysis module 305 can analyze the collectedhealth information. In one example, the health information can include adisease name, a number of diagnosed cases of the disease, the geographiclocation of the diagnosis, and a timestamp. Statistical algorithms canbe used on the collected health information to indicate patterns ofdisease spread in various geographic locations. One algorithm couldassociate the number of diagnosed cases of the disease with a locationand time information to determine the rate of spread of the disease inthe geographic location. Thus, the analysis module 305 can determine ifthe rate of spread of the disease is accelerating, decelerating, orstable. For instance, the analysis module 305 can determine if there isan upward or downward trend in the occurrence of malaria in a particulargeographic location.

In one example, the analysis module 305 can analyze a specific diseaseusing disease information of a geographic location by comparing thegeographic location with disease information in adjacent geographiclocations. Thus, the analysis module 305 can determine which geographiclocation in a region or district has the largest number of cases of aparticular disease. Additionally, the analysis can be in regards to apercentage of the population having the disease. Moreover, the analysiscan determine correlations of two or more diseases in the area. Forexample, the analysis module 305 can perform an analysis (usingstatistical modeling and/or an expert system) to determine that anincrease in the number of diagnosed cases of a first disease correspondsto (e.g., is a precursor to) the increase of a second disease. An alertto can be generated to warn of the possible threat of the other diseasebased on the increase in the diagnoses of the first disease.

In another example, the analysis module 305 can analyze a specificdisease in a geographic location for signs of an outbreak. A comparisoncan be made of the reported cases of the disease over the course of arecent time period (e.g., a day, a week, a month, etc.) and a historicaltime period (e.g., 6 months, 1 year, 5 years, etc.). An outbreak can bepredicted if the comparison yields that there is a deviation above apredetermined threshold in the number of recent cases diagnosed incomparison to the rate of diagnosis of the historical cases. In such ascenario, the analysis module 305 can generate an alert to warn of anoutbreak.

In yet another example, the analysis module 305 can analyze a specificdisease in relation to multiple geographic locations to determine theintensity and direction of the spread of the disease. For example, theanalysis module 305 can analyze a recent increase in a disease at afirst geographic location at a time two weeks prior. Then, a few daysafter this increase in the first geographic location 411, the analysismodule 305 detects an increase in the diagnosis of cases of the diseasein two adjacent geographic locations 403, 405 and a period of timelater, additional cases in a geographic location 401 adjacent to thoselocations 403, 405. This can show that there is a pattern of the diseasespreading towards the north and west. The analysis module 305 cangenerate an alert of this pattern to warn users of the disease trackingand alert platform 103 of the direction of the spread as well as theintensity (e.g., an amount of new diagnoses in relation to thepopulation in each geographic location) of the spread in each of thoselocations.

In one embodiment, at step 707, the analysis module 305 initiatessending alerts or other health or disease information to a UE 101. Theanalysis module 305 can send the information to the UE 101 via one ormore interfaces (e.g., a messaging interface, a web interface, etc.).Under one scenario, the analysis module 305 can initiate transmission ofthe multiple users within a geographic location by broadcasting amessage via cellular towers within that geographic location. Underanother scenario, the interface is a web interface, where the UE 101 hasaccess to the web interface of the disease tracking and alert platform103 via a disease tracking application 107 or a web browser. In oneembodiment, the UE 101 is transmitted the content of the health ordisease information or alert via an existing message. The existingmessage can be related to a service or a group of services associatedwith the disease tracking and alert platform 103. The analysis module305 can be routed the message and thus receive a message intended forthe UE 101. The disease tracking and alert platform 103 can be anintermediary where a portion of the messages the UE 101 receives isrouted through (e.g., via a messaging server). In one example, themessage system can be a messaging mechanism using a phone number (whichhas unique details like country information, operator information, etc.encoded) to route the message. In another example, the message systemcan utilize web server aspects of the disease tracking and alertplatform 103 to send and receive messages in a machine readable language(e.g., using eXtensible Markup Language (XML) tags).

Next, at step 709, the analysis module 305 determines locationinformation associated with the UE 101 configured to receive themessage. In one example, the UE 101 can be registered to a trackingservice and home location information stored at the disease tracking andalert platform 103. In this example, the home location information canbe used to determine the location information. In another example,current location information of the UE 101 can be discerned. The UE 101can receive updates of the UE 101 current location from the UE 101. Inone example, the update can be in the form of a simple data messageidentifying the UE 101 and GPS coordinates or cell information of the UE101. The updates can be received from the UE 101 at set periods of time,when the user of the UE 101 transmits an outgoing message, when there isa predetermined magnitude of change in the location information (e.g.,moving cell locations or a certain amount of GPS coordinates) of the UE101, or when there are other triggering events. For example, when a usersends the outgoing message via the disease tracking and alert platform103 or a platform associated with the disease tracking and alertplatform 103, the analysis module 305 can discern the location of the UE101 by determining the location of the cell at which the UE 101transmitted the message. This cell information can be contained in therouting information of the message. In a further example, the locationinformation can be used to discern the future location of the UE 101.Multiple GPS coordinates over time can be used to determine a trajectoryof the UE 101 and the location information can include a vector. Theanalysis module 305 can then be use the current location and trajectoryinformation to determine a future location of the UE 101.

At step 711, the analysis module 305 can associate the locationinformation with a geographic location. The geographic location canrepresent a geographic region associated with a health center (e.g.,regions 401, 403, 405 of FIG. 4A). The association can be via mappingthe GPS coordinates (e.g., a home location, a current location, orfuture location) or cell information from the UE 101 to one of thegeographic locations representing regions stored in the health database303. During the mapping process, the analysis module 305 can determinewhether the location information of the UE 101 is encompassed by one ofthe geographic locations. The location information is encompassed by thegeographic location if the location information is mapped to the regioncovered by the geographic location via a mapping rule. A mapping rulecould be that if the GPS coordinates or cell identifiers of the UE 101match a GPS coordinate set or cell identifier set associated with thegeographic location, the location information is mapped to thegeographic location. In some examples, cell identifiers are mapped to ageographic location even if the entirety of the cell is not completelywithin the geographic location. Thus, the mapping rule can be based onthe proximity of the user to a geographic location. Once the locationinformation is associated with the geographic location, any alerts orinformation associated with the geographic location can be sent to theuser.

Then, at step 713, the message is modified to present a health alertindicator. The health alert indicator can include disease information,alerts in the geographic location, preventative tips, and other healthinformation. The message can be modified by appending supplementalcontent regarding the alert to the message or by amending the content ofthe message to include the alert. For example, an alert for a warningcan be communicated by modifying the message content to be red.Additionally or alternatively, a footer can be added to the messagecontent so that when the UE 101 presents the message content, the alertis also presented. Then, at step 715, the analysis module 305 causes, atleast in part, initiating delivery of the modified message to the UE 101when the UE 101. The delivery can be via a communication interfacebetween the UE 101 and the disease tracking and alert platform 103. Thedelivery can occur when the UE 101 is within a predetermined range(e.g., within a set GPS coordinate perimeter) of the geographiclocation. For example, the delivery can occur before the UE 101 entersthe geographic location. Under some scenarios, the analysis module 305has access to multiple GPS coordinates of the UE 101 and can analyze aroute of the UE 101 and determine the location of the next geographiclocation the UE 101 is heading to and deliver an alert associated withthat geographic location.

According to the above approach, a disease tracking and alert platform103 is able to collect information from a variety of sources associatedwith geographic locations and analyze the information. Additionally,messages can be dispersed to users using UEs 101 by embedding diseaseinformation or alerts in a message already being sent to the UE 101. Inthis manner, the UE 101 can reduce power consumption of the UE 101because it need only receive one message to receive the message contentand disease information or alert content.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a process for receiving and presenting diseaseinformation and analysis, according to one embodiment. In oneembodiment, the runtime module 205 of a UE 101 performs the process 800and is implemented in, for instance, a chip set including a processorand a memory as shown FIG. 11. The user of the UE 101 can initiateexecution of a disease tracking application 107 on the UE 101. Thedisease tracking application 107 can generate a request specifying ageographic location that the user is interested in receiving diseaseinformation or an alert about. At step 801, the UE 101 initiatestransmission of the request for disease analysis to the disease trackingand alert platform 103. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 101 candetermine a location of the UE 101 using a location module 207 andinitiate transfer of the location to the disease tracking and alertplatform 103 (step 803). The disease tracking and alert platform 103 canthen process the request and send disease information, an analysisand/or alert based on the transmitted location information or thespecified geographic location. The UE 101 then receives the diseaseanalysis and/or alert based on the transmitted location (step 805) orthe specified geographic location.

In certain scenarios, a user of the UE 101 can subscribe to receiveupdates or disease information about a specified geographic location ora group of locations. When an alert is generated by the disease trackingand alert platform 103, the alert can be transmitted to the UE 101,which can receive the alert. Additionally or alternatively, updates canbe periodic and may include alerts or raw disease information.

Then, at step 807, the runtime module 205 initiates presentation of thedisease information and/or analysis. In one example, the runtime module205 processes the received analysis and/or alert into a graphicalpresentation. The received data can be in a form that can be parsed bythe runtime module 205 and presented via the disease trackingapplication 107. The disease tracking application 107 can include aroutine that displays the received content as a message (e.g., via aninbox), graphs and charts, or other presentation interface.

In one embodiment, a web interface of the disease tracking and alertplatform 103 and the UE 101 communicate to provide an advantageous userexperience. The web interface can recognize the UE 101 (e.g., based on aphone number) and utilize a presentation specific to that UE 101. The UE101 receives the presentation via data tags (e.g., XML tags) and canrender the tags based on the capabilities of the UE 101. Thus, the tagscan be rendered based on the context of the UE 101 (e.g., the processorspeed of the UE 101, the display size of the UE 101, the inputmechanisms available on the UE 101, etc.). When a presentation ispresented to the user, the user may have the option to forward or replyto the message. For example, a reply to the message can be used to startor join a thread commenting on the message or another topic.

FIGS. 9A-9D are diagrams of user interfaces utilized in the processes ofFIG. 8, according to various embodiments. FIG. 9A includes an inboxinterface 900 representation of the disease tracking application 107.The inbox can include a set of messages 901 for each day. In certainscenarios, the method used to communicate the information to and fromthe inbox is a web interface. Thus, even though the user views thepresentation as a familiar inbox, the communication medium used tocommunicate the information is a web channel (e.g., the UE 101 connectsto a web server associated with the disease tracking and alert platform103). Subject lines of the inbox can include a summary of the contentsof the day's updated information and/or analysis.

FIG. 9B is a diagram that includes a user interface 920 that displaysdisease analysis and information in a graphical manner. The interface920 displays graphs of, e.g., Vivax 921 (a parasite linked with causingmalaria) and Falciparum 923 (another parasite linked with causingmalaria) cases diagnosed in a geographic location during the month ofAugust. These graphs can indicate the degree and intensity of certainstrains of one or more diseases (e.g., strains of malaria caused byVivax or Falciparum) during the month compared to the historical averagenumber of cases for the month for the associated geographic location.The value 925 indicated at the outer right portion of the semicircle canrepresent the historic value of the month of August for the geographiclocation. This is compared to the current value 927 of the diagnosedcases for the month of August. In certain areas, a certain number ofdisease occurrences can be expected each year. This user interface 920allows a user to view the disease occurrences for the month of August inperspective to historical data. If the number of occurrences for thecurrent month (e.g., August) outpaces the historic number ofoccurrences, there may be cause for concern.

FIG. 9C includes a user interface 940 that is associated with a summaryof a month of fever and malaria occurrences associated with geographiclocations 941, 943, 945, 947, 949. The summary can show the total amountand the breakdown of fevers, Falciferum, and Vivax of multiplegeographic locations 941, 943, 945, 947, 949 during a particular timeperiod (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, etc.). The summaries can be usedby a user to decipher macro trends associated with the diseases by usingmonthly summaries or micro trends by using daily or weekly summaries.

FIG. 9D includes a user interface 960 that displays the occurrences ofVivax in a geographic area. In this scenario, geographic locations 961,963, 965, 967 can be bounded based on areas associated with healthcenters. The geographic locations can be color coded representing alevel of intensity of cases of Vivax for the month. Geographic location961 can be colored green reflecting a healthy state with few Vivaxoccurrences during the month. Geographic location 963 can be coloredyellow indicating number of occurrences of Vivax. Geographic location965 can be colored orange and geographic location 967 can be coloredred, reflecting a moderate intensity of the Vivax in the geographiclocation 965 and a concerning level of intensity of Vivax in geographiclocation 967. It is contemplated that other geographic diseaseinformation may also be presented on a map.

The processes described herein for tracking and disseminating healthinformation may be advantageously implemented via software, hardware(e.g., general processor, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip, anApplication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Field Programmable GateArrays (FPGAs), etc.), firmware or a combination thereof. Such exemplaryhardware for performing the described functions is detailed below.

FIG. 10 illustrates a computer system 1000 upon which an embodiment ofthe invention may be implemented. Computer system 1000 is programmed(e.g., via computer program code or instructions) to track anddisseminate health information as described herein and includes acommunication mechanism such as a bus 1010 for passing informationbetween other internal and external components of the computer system1000. Information (also called data) is represented as a physicalexpression of a measurable phenomenon, typically electric voltages, butincluding, in other embodiments, such phenomena as magnetic,electromagnetic, pressure, chemical, biological, molecular, atomic,sub-atomic and quantum interactions. For example, north and southmagnetic fields, or a zero and non-zero electric voltage, represent twostates (0, 1) of a binary digit (bit). Other phenomena can representdigits of a higher base. A superposition of multiple simultaneousquantum states before measurement represents a quantum bit (qubit). Asequence of one or more digits constitutes digital data that is used torepresent a number or code for a character. In some embodiments,information called analog data is represented by a near continuum ofmeasurable values within a particular range. Computer system 1000, or aportion thereof, constitutes a means for performing one or more steps oftracking and disseminating health information.

A bus 1010 includes one or more parallel conductors of information sothat information is transferred quickly among devices coupled to the bus1010. One or more processors 1002 for processing information are coupledwith the bus 1010.

A processor 1002 performs a set of operations on information asspecified by computer program code related to tracking and disseminatinghealth information. The computer program code is a set of instructionsor statements providing instructions for the operation of the processorand/or the computer system to perform specified functions. The code, forexample, may be written in a computer programming language that iscompiled into a native instruction set of the processor. The code mayalso be written directly using the native instruction set (e.g., machinelanguage). The set of operations include bringing information in fromthe bus 1010 and placing information on the bus 1010. The set ofoperations also typically include comparing two or more units ofinformation, shifting positions of units of information, and combiningtwo or more units of information, such as by addition or multiplicationor logical operations like OR, exclusive OR (XOR), and AND. Eachoperation of the set of operations that can be performed by theprocessor is represented to the processor by information calledinstructions, such as an operation code of one or more digits. Asequence of operations to be executed by the processor 1002, such as asequence of operation codes, constitute processor instructions, alsocalled computer system instructions or, simply, computer instructions.Processors may be implemented as mechanical, electrical, magnetic,optical, chemical or quantum components, among others, alone or incombination.

Computer system 1000 also includes a memory 1004 coupled to bus 1010.The memory 1004, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamicstorage device, stores information including processor instructions fortracking and disseminating health information. Dynamic memory allowsinformation stored therein to be changed by the computer system 1000.RAM allows a unit of information stored at a location called a memoryaddress to be stored and retrieved independently of information atneighboring addresses. The memory 1004 is also used by the processor1002 to store temporary values during execution of processorinstructions. The computer system 1000 also includes a read only memory(ROM) 1006 or other static storage device coupled to the bus 1010 forstoring static information, including instructions, that is not changedby the computer system 1000. Some memory is composed of volatile storagethat loses the information stored thereon when power is lost. Alsocoupled to bus 1010 is a non-volatile (persistent) storage device 1008,such as a magnetic disk, optical disk or flash card, for storinginformation, including instructions, that persists even when thecomputer system 1000 is turned off or otherwise loses power.

Information, including instructions for tracking and disseminatinghealth information, is provided to the bus 1010 for use by the processorfrom an external input device 1012, such as a keyboard containingalphanumeric keys operated by a human user, or a sensor. A sensordetects conditions in its vicinity and transforms those detections intophysical expression compatible with the measurable phenomenon used torepresent information in computer system 1000. Other external devicescoupled to bus 1010, used primarily for interacting with humans, includea display device 1014, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquidcrystal display (LCD), or plasma screen or printer for presenting textor images, and a pointing device 1016, such as a mouse or a trackball orcursor direction keys, or motion sensor, for controlling a position of asmall cursor image presented on the display 1014 and issuing commandsassociated with graphical elements presented on the display 1014. Insome embodiments, for example, in embodiments in which the computersystem 1000 performs all functions automatically without human input,one or more of external input device 1012, display device 1014 andpointing device 1016 is omitted.

In the illustrated embodiment, special purpose hardware, such as anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 1020, is coupled to bus1010. The special purpose hardware is configured to perform operationsnot performed by processor 1002 quickly enough for special purposes.Examples of application specific ICs include graphics accelerator cardsfor generating images for display 1014, cryptographic boards forencrypting and decrypting messages sent over a network, speechrecognition, and interfaces to special external devices, such as roboticarms and medical scanning equipment that repeatedly perform some complexsequence of operations that are more efficiently implemented inhardware.

Computer system 1000 also includes one or more instances of acommunications interface 1070 coupled to bus 1010. Communicationinterface 1070 provides a one-way or two-way communication coupling to avariety of external devices that operate with their own processors, suchas printers, scanners and external disks. In general the coupling iswith a network link 1078 that is connected to a local network 1080 towhich a variety of external devices with their own processors areconnected. For example, communication interface 1070 may be a parallelport or a serial port or a universal serial bus (USB) port on a personalcomputer. In some embodiments, communications interface 1070 is anintegrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a digital subscriberline (DSL) card or a telephone modem that provides an informationcommunication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. Insome embodiments, a communication interface 1070 is a cable modem thatconverts signals on bus 1010 into signals for a communication connectionover a coaxial cable or into optical signals for a communicationconnection over a fiber optic cable. As another example, communicationsinterface 1070 may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a datacommunication connection to a compatible LAN, such as Ethernet. Wirelesslinks may also be implemented. For wireless links, the communicationsinterface 1070 sends or receives or both sends and receives electrical,acoustic or electromagnetic signals, including infrared and opticalsignals, that carry information streams, such as digital data. Forexample, in wireless handheld devices, such as mobile telephones likecell phones, the communications interface 1070 includes a radio bandelectromagnetic transmitter and receiver called a radio transceiver. Incertain embodiments, the communications interface 1070 enablesconnection to the communication network 105 for collecting anddisseminating health information from/to the UE 101.

The term computer-readable medium is used herein to refer to any mediumthat participates in providing information to processor 1002, includinginstructions for execution. Such a medium may take many forms,including, but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media andtransmission media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical ormagnetic disks, such as storage device 1008. Volatile media include, forexample, dynamic memory 1004. Transmission media include, for example,coaxial cables, copper wire, fiber optic cables, and carrier waves thattravel through space without wires or cables, such as acoustic waves andelectromagnetic waves, including radio, optical and infrared waves.Signals include man-made transient variations in amplitude, frequency,phase, polarization or other physical properties transmitted through thetransmission media. Common forms of computer-readable media include, forexample, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, anyother magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, CDRW, DVD, any other optical medium,punch cards, paper tape, optical mark sheets, any other physical mediumwith patterns of holes or other optically recognizable indicia, a RAM, aPROM, an EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, acarrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer can read. Theterm computer-readable storage medium is used herein to refer to anycomputer-readable medium except transmission media.

Logic encoded in one or more tangible media includes one or both ofprocessor instructions on a computer-readable storage media and specialpurpose hardware, such as ASIC 1020.

Network link 1078 typically provides information communication usingtransmission media through one or more networks to other devices thatuse or process the information. For example, network link 1078 mayprovide a connection through local network 1080 to a host computer 1082or to equipment 1084 operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). ISPequipment 1084 in turn provides data communication services through thepublic, world-wide packet-switching communication network of networksnow commonly referred to as the Internet 1090. A computer called aserver host 1092 connected to the Internet hosts a process that providesa service in response to information received over the Internet. Forexample, server host 1092 hosts a process that provides informationrepresenting video data for presentation at display 1014.

At least some embodiments of the invention are related to the use ofcomputer system 1000 for implementing some or all of the techniquesdescribed herein. According to one embodiment of the invention, thosetechniques are performed by computer system 1000 in response toprocessor 1002 executing one or more sequences of one or more processorinstructions contained in memory 1004. Such instructions, also calledcomputer instructions, software and program code, may be read intomemory 1004 from another computer-readable medium such as storage device1008 or network link 1078. Execution of the sequences of instructionscontained in memory 1004 causes processor 1002 to perform one or more ofthe method steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hardware,such as ASIC 1020, may be used in place of or in combination withsoftware to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the inventionare not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software,unless otherwise explicitly stated herein.

The signals transmitted over network link 1078 and other networksthrough communications interface 1070, carry information to and fromcomputer system 1000. Computer system 1000 can send and receiveinformation, including program code, through the networks 1080, 1090among others, through network link 1078 and communications interface1070. In an example using the Internet 1090, a server host 1092transmits program code for a particular application, requested by amessage sent from computer 1000, through Internet 1090, ISP equipment1084, local network 1080 and communications interface 1070. The receivedcode may be executed by processor 1002 as it is received, or may bestored in memory 1004 or in storage device 1008 or other non-volatilestorage for later execution, or both. In this manner, computer system1000 may obtain application program code in the form of signals on acarrier wave.

Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying oneor more sequence of instructions or data or both to processor 1002 forexecution. For example, instructions and data may initially be carriedon a magnetic disk of a remote computer such as host 1082. The remotecomputer loads the instructions and data into its dynamic memory andsends the instructions and data over a telephone line using a modem. Amodem local to the computer system 1000 receives the instructions anddata on a telephone line and uses an infra-red transmitter to convertthe instructions and data to a signal on an infra-red carrier waveserving as the network link 1078. An infrared detector serving ascommunications interface 1070 receives the instructions and data carriedin the infrared signal and places information representing theinstructions and data onto bus 1010. Bus 1010 carries the information tomemory 1004 from which processor 1002 retrieves and executes theinstructions using some of the data sent with the instructions. Theinstructions and data received in memory 1004 may optionally be storedon storage device 1008, either before or after execution by theprocessor 1002.

FIG. 11 illustrates a chip set 1100 upon which an embodiment of theinvention may be implemented. Chip set 1100 is programmed to track anddisseminate health information as described herein and includes, forinstance, the processor and memory components described with respect toFIG. 10 incorporated in one or more physical packages (e.g., chips). Byway of example, a physical package includes an arrangement of one ormore materials, components, and/or wires on a structural assembly (e.g.,a baseboard) to provide one or more characteristics such as physicalstrength, conservation of size, and/or limitation of electricalinteraction. It is contemplated that in certain embodiments the chip setcan be implemented in a single chip. Chip set 1100, or a portionthereof, constitutes a means for performing one or more steps oftracking and disseminating health information.

In one embodiment, the chip set 1100 includes a communication mechanismsuch as a bus 1101 for passing information among the components of thechip set 1100. A processor 1103 has connectivity to the bus 1101 toexecute instructions and process information stored in, for example, amemory 1105. The processor 1103 may include one or more processing coreswith each core configured to perform independently. A multi-coreprocessor enables multiprocessing within a single physical package.Examples of a multi-core processor include two, four, eight, or greaternumbers of processing cores. Alternatively or in addition, the processor1103 may include one or more microprocessors configured in tandem viathe bus 1101 to enable independent execution of instructions,pipelining, and multithreading. The processor 1103 may also beaccompanied with one or more specialized components to perform certainprocessing functions and tasks such as one or more digital signalprocessors (DSP) 1107, or one or more application-specific integratedcircuits (ASIC) 1109. A DSP 1107 typically is configured to processreal-world signals (e.g., sound) in real time independently of theprocessor 1103. Similarly, an ASIC 1109 can be configured to performedspecialized functions not easily performed by a general purposedprocessor. Other specialized components to aid in performing theinventive functions described herein include one or more fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGA) (not shown), one or more controllers(not shown), or one or more other special-purpose computer chips.

The processor 1103 and accompanying components have connectivity to thememory 1105 via the bus 1101. The memory 1105 includes both dynamicmemory (e.g., RAM, magnetic disk, writable optical disk, etc.) andstatic memory (e.g., ROM, CD-ROM, etc.) for storing executableinstructions that when executed perform the inventive steps describedherein to track and disseminate health information. The memory 1105 alsostores the data associated with or generated by the execution of theinventive steps.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of exemplary components of a mobile terminal (e.g.,handset) for communications, which is capable of operating in the systemof FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. In some embodiments, mobileterminal 1200, or a portion thereof, constitutes a means for performingone or more steps of tracking and disseminating health information.Generally, a radio receiver is often defined in terms of front-end andback-end characteristics. The front-end of the receiver encompasses allof the Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry whereas the back-end encompassesall of the base-band processing circuitry. As used in this application,the term “circuitry” refers to both: (1) hardware-only implementations(such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry), and(2) to combinations of circuitry and software (and/or firmware) (such asto a combination of processor(s), including digital signal processor(s),software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, suchas a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions). Thisdefinition of “circuitry” applies to all uses of this term in thisapplication, including in any claims. As a further example, as used inthis application, the term “circuitry” would also cover animplementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) and its(or their) accompanying software/or firmware. The term “circuitry” wouldalso cover, for example, a baseband integrated circuit or applicationsprocessor integrated circuit in a mobile phone or a similar integratedcircuit in a cellular network device or other network devices.

Pertinent internal components of the telephone include a Main ControlUnit (MCU) 1203, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 1205, and areceiver/transmitter unit including a microphone gain control unit and aspeaker gain control unit. A main display unit 1207 provides a displayto the user in support of various applications and mobile terminalfunctions that perform or support the steps of tracking anddisseminating health information. The display unit 1207 includes displaycircuitry configured to display at least a portion of a user interfaceof the mobile terminal (e.g., mobile telephone). Additionally, thedisplay unit 1207 and display circuitry are configured to facilitateuser control of at least some functions of the mobile terminal. An audiofunction circuitry 1209 includes a microphone 1211 and microphoneamplifier that amplifies the speech signal output from the microphone1211. The amplified speech signal output from the microphone 1211 is fedto a coder/decoder (CODEC) 1213.

A radio section 1215 amplifies power and converts frequency in order tocommunicate with a base station, which is included in a mobilecommunication system, via antenna 1217. The power amplifier (PA) 1219and the transmitter/modulation circuitry are operationally responsive tothe MCU 1203, with an output from the PA 1219 coupled to the duplexer1221 or circulator or antenna switch, as known in the art. The PA 1219also couples to a battery interface and power control unit 1220.

In use, a user of mobile terminal 1201 speaks into the microphone 1211and his or her voice along with any detected background noise isconverted into an analog voltage. The analog voltage is then convertedinto a digital signal through the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)1223. The control unit 1203 routes the digital signal into the DSP 1205for processing therein, such as speech encoding, channel encoding,encrypting, and interleaving. In one embodiment, the processed voicesignals are encoded, by units not separately shown, using a cellulartransmission protocol such as global evolution (EDGE), general packetradio service (GPRS), global system for mobile communications (GSM),Internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS), universal mobiletelecommunications system (UMTS), etc., as well as any other suitablewireless medium, e.g., microwave access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution(LTE) networks, code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband codedivision multiple access (WCDMA), wireless fidelity (WiFi), satellite,and the like.

The encoded signals are then routed to an equalizer 1225 forcompensation of any frequency-dependent impairments that occur duringtransmission though the air such as phase and amplitude distortion.After equalizing the bit stream, the modulator 1227 combines the signalwith a RF signal generated in the RF interface 1229. The modulator 1227generates a sine wave by way of frequency or phase modulation. In orderto prepare the signal for transmission, an up-converter 1231 combinesthe sine wave output from the modulator 1227 with another sine wavegenerated by a synthesizer 1233 to achieve the desired frequency oftransmission. The signal is then sent through a PA 1219 to increase thesignal to an appropriate power level. In practical systems, the PA 1219acts as a variable gain amplifier whose gain is controlled by the DSP1205 from information received from a network base station. The signalis then filtered within the duplexer 1221 and optionally sent to anantenna coupler 1235 to match impedances to provide maximum powertransfer. Finally, the signal is transmitted via antenna 1217 to a localbase station. An automatic gain control (AGC) can be supplied to controlthe gain of the final stages of the receiver. The signals may beforwarded from there to a remote telephone which may be another cellulartelephone, other mobile phone or a land-line connected to a PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN), or other telephony networks.

Voice signals transmitted to the mobile terminal 1201 are received viaantenna 1217 and immediately amplified by a low noise amplifier (LNA)1237. A down-converter 1239 lowers the carrier frequency while thedemodulator 1241 strips away the RF leaving only a digital bit stream.The signal then goes through the equalizer 1225 and is processed by theDSP 1205. A Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) 1243 converts the signaland the resulting output is transmitted to the user through the speaker1245, all under control of a Main Control Unit (MCU) 1203—which can beimplemented as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) (not shown).

The MCU 1203 receives various signals including input signals from thekeyboard 1247. The keyboard 1247 and/or the MCU 1203 in combination withother user input components (e.g., the microphone 1211) comprise a userinterface circuitry for managing user input. The MCU 1203 runs a userinterface software to facilitate user control of at least some functionsof the mobile terminal 1201 to track and disseminate health information.The MCU 1203 also delivers a display command and a switch command to thedisplay 1207 and to the speech output switching controller,respectively. Further, the MCU 1203 exchanges information with the DSP1205 and can access an optionally incorporated SIM card 1249 and amemory 1251. In addition, the MCU 1203 executes various controlfunctions required of the terminal. The DSP 1205 may, depending upon theimplementation, perform any of a variety of conventional digitalprocessing functions on the voice signals. Additionally, DSP 1205determines the background noise level of the local environment from thesignals detected by microphone 1211 and sets the gain of microphone 1211to a level selected to compensate for the natural tendency of the userof the mobile terminal 1201.

The CODEC 1213 includes the ADC 1223 and DAC 1243. The memory 1251stores various data including call incoming tone data and is capable ofstoring other data including music data received via, e.g., the globalInternet. The software module could reside in RAM memory, flash memory,registers, or any other form of writable storage medium known in theart. The memory device 1251 may be, but not limited to, a single memory,CD, DVD, ROM, RAM, EEPROM, optical storage, or any other non-volatilestorage medium capable of storing digital data.

An optionally incorporated SIM card 1249 carries, for instance,important information, such as the cellular phone number, the carriersupplying service, subscription details, and security information. TheSIM card 1249 serves primarily to identify the mobile terminal 1201 on aradio network. The card 1249 also contains a memory for storing apersonal telephone number registry, text messages, and user specificmobile terminal settings.

While the invention has been described in connection with a number ofembodiments and implementations, the invention is not so limited butcovers various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements, whichfall within the purview of the appended claims. Although features of theinvention are expressed in certain combinations among the claims, it iscontemplated that these features can be arranged in any combination andorder.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: analyzing health informationcorresponding to a receiving geographic location with respect to acollecting geographic location, wherein the collecting geographiclocation is mapped to one or more identifiers associated with acollecting user equipment, wherein the one or more identifiers aretelephone numbers of one or more mobile devices, and wherein thecollecting geographic location is independent of area code informationof the telephone numbers; issuing a health alert indicator based, atleast in part, on the analysis of the health information to a receivinguser equipment when the receiving user equipment is determined to be inor within a predetermined range of the collecting geographic location;amending or appending supplemental content to the health alert indicatorfor the receiving geographic location when the receiving user equipmentis determined to be in or within the receiving geographic location; anddelivering the amended or supplemented health alert indicator to thereceiving user equipment when the receiving user equipment is in orwithin a predetermined range of the collecting geographic location.
 2. Amethod of claim 1, wherein the supplemental content specifies a name ofa disease associated with the health information.
 3. An apparatuscomprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory includingcomputer program code for one or more programs, the at least one memoryand the computer program code configured to, with the at least oneprocessor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:analyze health information corresponding to a receiving geographiclocation with respect to a collecting geographic location, wherein thecollecting geographic location is mapped to one or more identifiersassociated with a collecting user equipment, wherein the one or moreidentifiers are telephone numbers of one or more mobile devices, andwherein the collecting geographic location is independent of area codeinformation of the telephone numbers; issue a health alert indicatorbased, at least in part, on the analysis of the health information to areceiving user equipment when the receiving user equipment is determinedto be in or within a predetermined ranged of the collecting geographiclocation; amend or append supplemental content to the health alertindicator for the receiving geographic location when the receiving userequipment is determined to be in or within the receiving geographiclocation; and deliver the amended or supplemented health alert indicatorto the receiving user equipment when the receiving user equipment is inor within a predetermined range of the collecting geographic location.4. An apparatus of claim 3, wherein the supplemental content specifies aname of a disease associated with the health information.
 5. Anon-transitory computer storage medium carrying one or more sequences ofone or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors,cause an apparatus to perform: analyzing health informationcorresponding to a receiving geographic location with respect to acollecting geographic location, wherein the collecting geographiclocation is mapped to one or more identifiers associated with acollecting user equipment, wherein the one or more identifiers aretelephone numbers of one or more mobile devices, and wherein thecollecting geographic location is independent of area code informationof the telephone numbers; issuing a health alert indicator based, atleast in part, on the analysis of the health information to a receivinguser equipment when the receiving user equipment is determined to be inor within a predetermined range of the collecting geographic location;amending or appending supplemental content to the health alert indicatorfor the receiving geographic location when the receiving user equipmentis determined to be in or within the receiving geographic location; anddelivering the amended or supplemented health alert indicator to thereceiving user equipment when the receiving user equipment is in orwithin a predetermined range of the collecting geographic location.
 6. Anon-transitory computer storage medium of claim 5, wherein thesupplemental content specifies a name of a disease associated with thehealth information.